# Raziel Learn (page 8 of 23) > Guides on tracking startup equity, SAFEs, SPVs, funds, real estate, and crypto from Raziel. Canonical: https://raziel.co/learn/page/8 ## Topics - [Startups & SAFEs](https://raziel.co/learn/category/startups-safes): SAFEs, convertible notes, priced rounds, cap tables and the investor rights that come with them. - [SPVs & Funds](https://raziel.co/learn/category/spvs-funds): Commitments, capital calls, distributions, fees, carry and fund performance for LPs and syndicate investors. - [Exits & Liquidity](https://raziel.co/learn/category/exits-liquidity): M&A terms, escrows and earnouts, secondaries, tenders, lockups and Rule 144 after the exit. - [Tax & Compliance](https://raziel.co/learn/category/tax-compliance): K-1s, QSBS, 83(b) elections, opportunity zones, trusts and the rules around private investing. - [Comparisons](https://raziel.co/learn/category/comparisons): Side-by-side looks at portfolio trackers, investor platforms and the tools angels and LPs use. - [Markets & Trends](https://raziel.co/learn/category/markets-trends): AltList weekly private markets recaps, sector themes and where alternative assets are heading. - [Investing Basics](https://raziel.co/learn/category/investing-basics): Portfolio building, diversification, risk and the fundamentals of managing alternative assets. ## Articles - [Private Equity Spreadsheet for LPs: Columns That Matter (and When Excel Breaks)](https://raziel.co/learn/private-equity-spreadsheet) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 4 min read): A private equity spreadsheet for LPs tracks commitment, called capital, unfunded, NAV, DPI, and TVPI. Tamarix says Excel works until about 10–15 funds. - [409A Valuation for Investors: Why It Is Not Your Mark](https://raziel.co/learn/409a-valuation-for-investors) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 5 min read): 409A valuation for investors prices common stock for option strikes, not preferred. Carta: DLOM often 25 to 35%. Do not overwrite SAFE or preferred cost. - [How to Track SPV Positions After a Syndicate Close](https://raziel.co/learn/syndicate-spv-tracking) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 5 min read): How to track SPV positions after a syndicate close. AngelList lists 20% carry as standard on SPVs. Keep fees, K-1s, and the company as linked records. - [Real Estate Investment Tracker: Private Deals Next to Funds and Startups](https://raziel.co/learn/real-estate-investment-tracker) (2026-08-21, Investing Basics, 4 min read): Real estate investment tracker: Wall Street Prep's cap rate is unlevered NOI ÷ value. Why a rental and an LP commitment need the same cash dates. - [Angel Portfolio Spreadsheet Template: Columns Before You Outgrow Excel](https://raziel.co/learn/angel-portfolio-spreadsheet-template) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 4 min read): Angel portfolio spreadsheet template: company, instrument, cash, cap/discount, fully diluted %. Cake: most free templates have only 4–5 columns. Copy these. - [How to Track Pro-Rata Rights Across a Startup Portfolio](https://raziel.co/learn/pro-rata-rights-tracking) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 5 min read): How to track pro-rata rights: log each IRA or YC side letter, NVCA's 20-day Offer Notice, and the cash you reserved so Super Pro-Rata isn't unfunded. - [How to Track Convertible Notes After You Wire](https://raziel.co/learn/convertible-note-tracking) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 5 min read): Convertible note tracking after the wire: log interest, maturity, and cap. Cooley's Series Seed form converts principal plus unpaid accrued interest. - [How to Track Startup Secondary Sales and Tender Offers](https://raziel.co/learn/startup-secondary-sale-tracking) (2026-08-21, Exits & Liquidity, 4 min read): How to track startup secondary sales: split lots sold vs kept. IRS Pub. 551: identify shares or use FIFO. Remainder keeps original cost. Log leftover lockup. - [How to Track Follow-On Allocations and Reserved Capital](https://raziel.co/learn/follow-on-allocation-tracking) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 5 min read): How to track follow-on allocations: a reserve next to each winner and a date it expires. Carta: that capital cannot fund a new initial investment. - [QSBS Holding Period Tracker for Angel Investments](https://raziel.co/learn/qsbs-holding-period-tracker) (2026-08-21, Tax & Compliance, 5 min read): QSBS holding period tracker: one clock per lot. IRC §1202 keeps a more-than-5-year gate for stock acquired on or before July 4, 2025. Don't sell month 58. - [TVPI vs DPI vs RVPI: How to Read an LP Performance Line](https://raziel.co/learn/tvpi-vs-dpi-vs-rvpi) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 4 min read): TVPI vs DPI vs RVPI: ILPA’s sample quarterly pack prints DPI 0.3x, RVPI 0.9x, TVPI 1.2x. Read cash, leftover NAV, and the sum on one LP performance line. - [Shadow Cap Table Template for Angels](https://raziel.co/learn/shadow-cap-table-template) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 5 min read): Shadow cap table template: authorized, issued, option pool, SAFE as-converted, your shares, fully diluted %. Carta: investors negotiate on full dilution. - [How to Track SAFE Conversions at a Priced Round](https://raziel.co/learn/safe-conversion-tracking) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 4 min read): How to track SAFE conversions. YC: post-money SAFEs convert automatically. Copy series and share count from the notice. Keep the original wire date. - [Post-Money SAFE vs Pre-Money SAFE: What to Log So Ownership Does Not Drift](https://raziel.co/learn/post-money-vs-pre-money-safe-tracking) (2026-08-21, Startups & SAFEs, 5 min read): Post-money SAFE vs pre-money SAFE: YC locks post-money % as check / cap. Stacking pre-money SAFEs dilutes that napkin. Log the form so the row holds. - [How to Track PE Distributions: Cash-In Date and Carry](https://raziel.co/learn/private-equity-distribution-tracking) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 5 min read): How to track PE distributions: cash-in date, recallable vs not, carry already taken. ILPA puts recallable amounts in DPI; that bump is not yours to keep. - [How to Track PE Co-Investments Next to Fund Commitments](https://raziel.co/learn/pe-co-investment-tracking) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 4 min read): How to track PE co-investments: Cambridge Associates says GPs typically offer LPs no fee and no carry. Keep a fund line and a separate co-invest K-1. - [Net IRR vs Gross IRR: Which Number Belongs on Your Tracker](https://raziel.co/learn/net-irr-vs-gross-irr) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 4 min read): Net IRR vs gross IRR: ILPA defines net as the dollar-weighted return after management fees and carried interest. Track the cash you actually moved. - [How to Track Private Equity Secondaries After You Buy](https://raziel.co/learn/pe-secondaries-tracking) (2026-08-21, Exits & Liquidity, 4 min read): How to track PE secondaries: ILPA Model LPA 17.2.2, a Substitute Partner succeeds to Remaining Commitment. Log price, transfer date, and new cost basis. - [Cap Rate vs IRR vs Cash-on-Cash: Which Number to Trust on a Deal](https://raziel.co/learn/cap-rate-vs-irr-vs-cash-on-cash) (2026-08-21, SPVs & Funds, 4 min read): Cap rate vs IRR vs cash on cash: Wall Street Prep's cap rate is unlevered NOI divided by value. CoC is this year's cash. IRR needs the dated sale. - [How to Track Capital Calls and Unfunded Commitments in 2026](https://raziel.co/learn/capital-call-tracking-guide) (2026-08-20, SPVs & Funds, 5 min read): Capital call tracking for LPs: log each notice as a cash-flow event. ILPA released CC&D Template v2.0 on Sep 11, 2025; first required delivery is Q1 2027. - [Startup Investment Tax Reporting Guide](https://raziel.co/learn/startup-investment-tax-reporting-guide) (2026-03-28, Tax & Compliance, 12 min read): Operator guide to startup investment tax reporting: K-1s, basis per lot, QSBS clocks that split at July 4 2025, Form 8949, and docs that keep the exclusion. - [Alternative Investment Management for Family Offices](https://raziel.co/learn/family-office-alternative-investment-management) (2026-03-25, Investing Basics, 3 min read): How family offices track alternatives. Raziel shows startups and public markets in one live dashboard with MOIC and IRR. Real estate and crypto are coming soon. - [Portfolio Management for VCs and Private Equity Firms](https://raziel.co/learn/vc-private-equity-portfolio-management) (2026-03-25, SPVs & Funds, 3 min read): Manage your VC and private equity portfolio with Raziel. Track IRR, MOIC, capital calls, and distributions across all fund investments. - [Alternative Investments for Beginners: The Complete 2026 Guide](https://raziel.co/learn/alternative-investments-for-beginners) (2026-03-25, Investing Basics, 6 min read): Learn about alternative investments: types, risks, benefits, and how to get started. Covers real estate, crypto, private equity, and more. ## Pages [1](https://raziel.co/learn) · [2](https://raziel.co/learn/page/2) · [3](https://raziel.co/learn/page/3) · [4](https://raziel.co/learn/page/4) · [5](https://raziel.co/learn/page/5) · [6](https://raziel.co/learn/page/6) · [7](https://raziel.co/learn/page/7) · [8](https://raziel.co/learn/page/8) · [9](https://raziel.co/learn/page/9) · [10](https://raziel.co/learn/page/10) · [11](https://raziel.co/learn/page/11) · [12](https://raziel.co/learn/page/12) · [13](https://raziel.co/learn/page/13) · [14](https://raziel.co/learn/page/14) · [15](https://raziel.co/learn/page/15) · [16](https://raziel.co/learn/page/16) · [17](https://raziel.co/learn/page/17) · [18](https://raziel.co/learn/page/18) · [19](https://raziel.co/learn/page/19) · [20](https://raziel.co/learn/page/20) · [21](https://raziel.co/learn/page/21) · [22](https://raziel.co/learn/page/22) · [23](https://raziel.co/learn/page/23)